According to the Project Management Body. Creating a Work Breakdown Structure.Work breakdown structure - Wikipedia. Example of a product- oriented work breakdown structure of an aircraft system. A work breakdown structure (WBS), in project management and systems engineering, is a deliverable- oriented decomposition of a project into smaller components. A work breakdown structure is a key project deliverable that organizes the team's work into manageable sections. The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK 5) defines the work breakdown structure as a . A WBS also provides the necessary framework for detailed cost estimating and control along with providing guidance for schedule development and control. It is a tree structure, which shows a subdivision of effort required to achieve an objective; for example a program, project, and contract. For each element of the work breakdown structure, a description of the task to be performed is generated. Since the planned outcomes are the desired ends of the project, they form a relatively stable set of categories in which the costs of the planned actions needed to achieve them can be collected. A well- designed WBS makes it easy to assign each project activity to one and only one terminal element of the WBS. In addition to its function in cost accounting, the WBS also helps map requirements from one level of system specification to another, for example a requirements cross reference matrix mapping functional requirements to high level or low level design documents. The development of the WBS normally occurs at the start of a project and precedes detailed project and task planning. There are two types of WBS - one that breaks down the work horizontally (Outline type), which is more commonly used in IT- tools such as Microsoft Project, and another that breaks down the work vertically (like an organization chart). History. PERT was introduced by the U. S. Navy in 1. 95. Polaris missile program. The current version of this document can be found in . The standard also includes additional common elements unique to Space Systems, Launch Vehicle Systems and Automated Information Systems. Work Breakdown Structure is a tool project managers use to break projects down into. Work Breakdown Structure 101. Knowledge & Tools. Resources; PMChallenge; Tools; Training; Processes; Education. There are numerous project management programs out there. In 1. 98. 7, the Project Management Institute (PMI) documented the expansion of these techniques across non- defense organizations. The Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK) Guide provides an overview of the WBS concept, while the . Role Distribution in Work Breakdown Structure Templates. Let’s take a look on how principally we can distribute the project line in multiple roles to avoid burdeny. Template for Project Management; Five Milestone Templates for. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) Template. Work Breakdown Structure (WBS). The 1. 00% rule is one of the most important principles guiding the development, decomposition and evaluation of the WBS. The rule applies at all levels within the hierarchy: the sum of the work at the . The work represented by the activities in each work package must add up to 1. This ambiguity could result in duplicated work or miscommunications about responsibility and authority.
Such overlap could also cause confusion regarding project cost accounting. If the WBS element names are ambiguous, a WBS dictionary can help clarify the distinctions between WBS elements. The WBS Dictionary describes each component of the WBS with milestones, deliverables, activities, scope, and sometimes dates, resources, costs, quality. Plan outcomes, not actions. Too many actions will exceed 1. The best way to adhere to the 1. WBS elements in terms of outcomes or results, not actions. This also ensures that the WBS is not overly prescriptive of methods, allowing for greater ingenuity and creative thinking on the part of the project participants. For new product development projects, the most common technique to ensure an outcome- oriented WBS is to use a product breakdown structure. Feature- driven software projects may use a similar technique which is to employ a feature breakdown structure. When a project provides professional services, a common technique is to capture all planned deliverables to create a deliverable- oriented WBS. This will assist in determining the duration of activities necessary to produce a deliverable defined by the WBS. There are several heuristics or . Thus if the project team is reporting progress monthly, then no single activity or series of activities should be longer than one month long. The last heuristic is the . Applying this rule of thumb, one can apply . The purpose for the numbering is to provide a consistent approach to identifying and managing the WBS across like systems regardless of vendor or service. A coding scheme also helps WBS elements to be recognized in any written context and allows for mapping to the WBS Dictionary. In a Work Breakdown Structure such elements (activity or deliverable), also known as work packages, are the items that are estimated in terms of resource requirements, budget and duration; linked by dependencies; and scheduled. At the juncture of the WBS element and organization unit, control accounts and work packages are established and performance is planned, measured, recorded and controlled. Three levels are the minimum recommended, with additional levels for and only for items of high cost or high risk. For example, shipbuilding for the U. S. Navy must respect that the nautical terms and their hierarchy structure put into MIL- STD. At WBS Level 1 it shows 1. At WBS Level 2, the 1. The number of units allocated to each element of work can be based on effort or cost; it is not an estimate of task duration. The three largest elements of WBS Level 2 are further subdivided at Level 3. The two largest elements at Level 3 each represent only 1. These larger elements could be further subdivided using the progressive elaboration technique described above. WBS design can be supported by software (e. Estimates of effort or cost can be developed through discussions among project team members. This collaborative technique builds greater insight into scope definitions, underlying assumptions, and consensus regarding the level of granularity required to manage the projects. Misconceptions. It is instead a comprehensive classification of project scope. A WBS is neither a project plan, a schedule, nor a chronological listing. It specifies what will be done, not how or when. A WBS is not an organizational hierarchy, although it may be used when assigning responsibilities. See also: responsibility assignment (RACI) matrix (also called a Staffing Matrix). See also. Dec 2. 01. NASA (2. 00. 1). May 2. Electronic Industries Alliance Standard Systems Engineering Capability Model EIA- 7. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Standard for Application and Management of the Systems Engineering Process IEEE Std 1. Fleming, Quentin W., Joel M. L., Study of Methods for Evaluation of the PERT/Cost Management System, MITRE Corporation, June 1. MIL- STD- 8. 81, 1 November 1. MIL- STD- 8. 81. C, Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items, 3 October 2. Systems Engineering Fundamentals. Defense Acquisition University Press, 2. Haugan, Gregory T., The Work Breakdown Structure in Government Contracting, Management Concepts, 2. ISBN 9. 78- 1. 56. Effective Work Breakdown Structures By Gregory T. Haugan, Published by Management Concepts, 2. ISBN 1. 56. 72. 61. Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures (Second Edition), published by the Project Management Institute, ISBN 1. Swiderski, Mark A., PMP workbreakdownstructure. PMBOK- Work Breakdown Structures. June 2. 01. 3.^MIL- STD- 8. C, Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items, 3 October 2. May 2. 01. 6.^MIL- STD- 8. C, Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items, 3 October 2. Appendix A, . Oct 2. MIL- STD- 8. 81. C, Work Breakdown Structures for Defense Materiel Items, 3 October 2. Introduction to Naval Architecture. Nuts and Bolts Series 1: How to Build a Work Breakdown Structure. ISBN 1- 8. 90. 36. Project Management Institute. Project Management Institute Practice Standard for Work Breakdown Structures, Second Edition (2. ISBN 1- 9. 33. 89. Note: The Second Edition is an extensive re- write of the Practice Standard.)Gregory T. Effective Work Breakdown Structures (The Project Management Essential Library Series)ISBN 1- 5. Dennis P. ISBN 1- 4. Note: This new book is essentially a facilitator's guide for planning a project based on the WBS.)External links.
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